I think that the worst job was the barber surgeon. In medieval Europe, people were very scared of getting ill and there was poor sanitation. They used unhealthy methods of operation because their surgery was performed by barbers that were not professionals. They obviously did not know what they were doing considering they came up with an idea to put a funnel up the patient’s anus. An enema was a procedure used because they believed that when someone swallowed medicine, it would go into the stomach and be broken down by the heat of the liver, so they would have to put medication in by a different root. It was very gory to be a barber surgeon because they would amputate body parts and used razors and knives. They diagnosed patients by charts and the color and smell of their urine. They would cut open a wound to take blood out and then close it back up. It was very gruesome and I would hate to be a barber surgeon because I do not like blood or cutting people. I also do not like putting tubes up someone’s anus. I would be a terrible barber surgeon.
Monday, May 23, 2011
Friday, May 20, 2011
Kirsten's Freshman Year
Kirsten learned a lot freshman year. She made a lot of new friends. She thought that high school would be hard and challenging at first, but she quickly got used to the new environment. During the first couple of days at John Carroll, Kirsten had trouble opening her locker. She had other students in her advisory open it for her. Then, she could eventually open it herself. Having an older sister attending at John Carroll, Kirsten came to the school knowing a lot of things about the school and a lot of people. During her journey, she experienced many new things. She thought that taking Honors English would be a difficult class, but she ended up getting an A. She made friends with classmates and students on her teams. She was a cheerleader in the fall and winter and played badminton in the spring. She never won a match at badminton, but won the JV cheerleading championship. She liked Tuesdays and Thursdays at school because she had three mods off. She received First Honors each quarter with no grade lower than an A. She became good friends with Quinn and Grace. She had many inside jokes with Travis. Her favorite class was math and she was in Mr. Russell’s advisory. On her English class field trip, she hung out with Katie D. and they embarrassed themselves a lot. One time in the cafeteria, someone accidentally threw a poptart at her and it got all over her shirt. Another time her friends were joking around and had gotten ketchup everywhere. She went to homecoming with a group of friends. She liked cheering at football games. Overall, it turned out to be a great year for Kirsten.
Friday, May 6, 2011
Why is it so important to understand the Spanish Inquisition if one is to really understand the culture of the Middle Ages? Final Draft
Culture is the sum of inherited beliefs, values, knowledge, and ideas shared for a group of people. The Spanish Inquisition, a tribunal made to make sure people converted to Catholicism, occurred in the Middle Ages. It affected the culture of the Middle Ages and is a very significant event in history. It left a big impact on the government of Spain and the reputation of the Roman Catholic religion. Many people were tortured because of superstitious offenses, and heresy became a popular concern as the Spanish Inquisition emerged in the year 1478. During the Middle Ages, the Spanish Inquisition manipulated religion and altered the government of Spain; therefore, it is necessary to fathom the events of the Spanish Inquisition to fully understand the culture of the Middle Ages.
In the Middle Ages, culture revolved around religion and politics, and the Spanish Inquisition was a tool for the government to convert people to a certain religion. When Pope Sixtus IV, in alliance with King Ferdinand II of Spain and Queen Isabella, legalized the Inquisition in Spain, the Inquisition was used to show that the Church was omnipotent and supreme. The Inquisition was used as a weapon to show people that Christianity was all-powerful to Spain and no one should question the authority of the Church or they will be persecuted. The Church wanted to punish the nonbelievers and spread Christianity. Inquisition Productions, Inc. states:
But for the Pope the most terrifying threat came from upstart Christian sects who challenged church doctrine and the absolute power of the Roman Pope. To preserve the purity of the faith and the unquestioned authority of the Pope, the Church began to crack down on all dissenting with a new weapon: the Inquisition. For over half a millennium a system of mass terror reigned. Thousands were subject to secret courts, torture and punishment.
The Spanish Inquisition was appreciated by the Spanish people and that is why it lasted for 350 years. In the Medieval era, the development of Christianity became the center of attention, and the Spanish Inquisition made changes to the reputation of the Church. According to Madden, “It [The Spanish Inquisition] stood guard against error and heresy, protecting the faith of Spain and ensuring the favor of God,” (2003). The Inquisition represented Spain’s view of what was important during the time: religion and government. Spain was purified when Jewish and Islamic people converted. Leaders of the Spanish government wanted more people to convert to Catholicism. Those who did not convert were claimed to be heretics. Spain united as a whole country when it was centered on one religion and everyone had the same beliefs.
The government changed due to the Spanish Inquisition. “Christian Europe was so endangered by heresy, and penal legislation concerning Catharism had gone so far, that the Inquisition seemed to be a political necessity. That these sects were a menace to Christian society had been long recognized by the Byzantine rulers,” (Blötzer 1910). While trying to unify its identity and power after the Crusades, Spanish leaders realized that Catholicism was their national religion. Catholicism made Spain very powerful. Catholics began to believe that different religions were a threat to their own. They began to torture those that did not convert to Catholicism. Spanish leaders took the Spanish Inquisition too far, and it became an extreme necessity to persecute nonbelievers of Christianity.
The Spanish Inquisition was a very important event in the Middle Ages. The culture of the Middle Ages revolved around ideas focused on in the Spanish Inquisition. It affected the government of Spain and the Church in various ways. Religious persecutions in the Spanish Inquisition portrayed inherited ideas of medieval culture. Understanding the concepts and beliefs during the Spanish Inquisition will lead a person to get to know the whole entire culture of the Middle Ages.
Works Cited:
Blötzer, J. (1910). Inquisition. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved from New Advent: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08026a.htm
Inquisition Productions, Inc. Secret files of the inquisition. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/inquisition/
Madden, Thomas. (2003). The truth about the spanish inquisition. Retrieved from http://catholiceducation.org/articles/history/world/wh0075.html
Wednesday, May 4, 2011
Why is it so important to understand the Spanish Inquisition if one is to really understand the culture of the Middle Ages? Rough Draft
Like it is today, religion was very important in the Middle Ages. To unify the country, Spain developed a court called the Spanish Inquisition in the year 1478. The Spanish Inquisition affected the government and religion in Spain in the Middle Ages, and heresy was a big deal. To fully understand the culture of the Middle Ages, one must fathom the facts of the Spanish Inquisition. It is not necessary to understand the Spanish Inquisition to know the culture of the Middle Ages.
Understanding the Spanish Inquisition is necessary because it changed what people thought of Catholics forever. “Once Rome's religion changed to Christianity under Constantine, it retained the inquisitorial trial method but also developed brutal means of dealing with heretics who went against the doctrines of the new religion” (Bragg 2006). The Middle Ages revolved around government and religion. When Catholicism became very popular, it was for all of the wrong reasons.
People need to understand that religion was very different in the Middle Ages. The Inquisition affected the reputation of Catholicism. Madden stated:
In order to understand the Spanish Inquisition, which began in the late 15th century, we must look briefly at its predecessor, the medieval Inquisition. Before we do, though, it's worth pointing out that the medieval world was not the modern world. For medieval people, religion was not something one just did at church. It was their science, their philosophy, their politics, their identity, and their hope for salvation. It was not a personal preference but an abiding and universal truth. Heresy, then, struck at the heart of that truth. It doomed the heretic, endangered those near him, and tore apart the fabric of community. Medieval Europeans were not alone in this view. It was shared by numerous cultures around the world. The modern practice of universal religious toleration is itself quite new and uniquely Western.
The Spanish Inquisition was very famous. According to Bragg, “The Spanish Inquisition set up in 1478 surpassed all Inquisitorial activity that had preceded it in terms of its reach and length. For 350 years under Papal Decree, Jews, then Muslims and Protestants were put through the Inquisitional Court and condemned to torture, imprisonment, exile and death,” (2006). Many people were condemned. Those that were condemned were converts. The Inquisitional Court had affected the government for Spain. Everything was changed. The Spanish Inquisition lasted for more than 350 years of converts suffering. Inquisitional activity brought trouble to Spain.
The Spanish Inquisition was a very important event in the Middle Ages. The court was lie genocide that affected Jewish and Islamic converts. It affected the lives of converts and the reputation of the Catholic Church. To thoroughly understand the culture of the Middle Ages, one must understand the truth about the Spanish Inquisition.
Works Cited:
Bragg, Melvyn. (2006). The spanish inquisition. Retrieved from BBC: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p003c1bw
Madden, Thomas. (2003). The truth about the spanish inquisition. Retrieved from http://catholiceducation.org/articles/history/world/wh0075.html
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